Labor unions are groups or clubs of workers and employees who bond Together to get good working conditions, fair pay, and fair hours for their Labor. For example, in a newspaper, all the people who work the presses might All belong to one union. All of the artists, who are responsible for the Artistic layout, might belong to another. These unions are usually joined Together, and most unions in America are some branch of the largest labor union Organization in the United States, the AFL-CIO.
The unions of the workers at a Certain business or factory might get together with the management for a period Of time to talk about a contract. This time is known as negotiation. The union Will tell the management what it wants its workers getting paid, and then the Management will tell the union what it can pay the workers and still be earning A reasonable profit. They bargain and it usually works out. Most businesses And corporations have eight-hour work days, with optional extra hours. This is Not usually a topic in negotiations, but could be. Working conditions could be Discussed. If workers in the factory have no heat, no lunch breaks or they are Not allowed to speak, (which was the case in many sweatshops for immigrants and Children in the 1920's through 1940's), then the labor unions will obviously Want something done.
These differences are usually settled fairly quickly, and a new contract Featuring these agreements will be realized. Most contracts are in operation For about 3 to 5 years. Then, negotiations begin again. This is how labor - Management relations go in a perfect world. But, obviously, this is not always the case. Sometimes the unions want Unrealistic wages. They might stress extreme luxuries that the company cannot Provide for working conditions. Or the management may be stubborn and unwilling To give up a large percentage of the profit in a good year. Or maybe both sides Are seemingly in the right and an agreement can not be met. Whatever the case Maybe, after the set negotiation has been passed, and a contract has not been Created, then the union will go to the workers tell them the situation, and they Will vote in a strike. The unions purpose in the strike is to stop the company or factory from Caring out their purpose of existence.
If they are supposed to deliver packages, Blockades will be set up in most cases to stop this. The union must succeed not Only in this, but in preventing replacement workers, known as scabs, from doing Their jobs. If the new workers can do the jobs and the company can perform its Job, then all the union members did by striking is quit their jobs and lose Benefits. They have to let the company feel their loss and force them to let Them back and meet their demands. In a striking situation, one of three basic Things happens: the union wins by preventing the company from overstating, they Get their jobs back and their demands are met; the management wins, the strike Fails, and the workers are unemployed; or the strike seemingly goes on forever, A stalemate of a kind, and, hopefully, one side will just give in. One of the methods that unions use to protest when on strike is Picketing, which is carrying around signs stating either your cause, what your Doing out there pacing on the sidewalk, or the union division you belong to.
Many strikes have become violent over history, whereas some are merely workers Who leave the job and will not come back until their demands are met. The Violent strikes may involve picketing, injury or death of workers, severe Rioting, damage and vandalization of company or employer property, and more. Police have to intervene in this type of strike, and it is this type of labor Union action that irritates many people with the whole organization.
A lot of People are strongly for unions, whether they work for the particular company or Not, and will support the unions in their strikes. It is this sort of support Unions hope for, because the more people they get the stronger they are. But Some people, especially small business owners, who do not see much profit in a Day-to-day operation, are very critical of unions. Some union demands have Driven small business owners out of business, simply because they could not Afford to do what the union wanted. The major formation of national labor unions came after the Civil War. This war greatly expanded factory production and railroad building, which Generated much concern about the well-being of the workers. By 1864, about 300 Local unions operated in twenty northern states. In 1866, the International Industry Assembly of North America became the National Labor Union.
It was the First important association of unions. But, in 1872 , it failed and disappeared From the pages of history. The next big step in the labor movement was the formation of the Knights of Labor, begun by Uriah Stephens, a tailor, in 1869. It began as a Secret society to improve workers welfare through peaceful means. It became the First major American attempt to found a union for all workers, skilled and Unskilled. The Nights of Labor had a boost of importance in the public eye when it Had its first major victory in the great railroad strikes of 1877. In 1886, the Knights had 600,000 to 700,000 members. But, in that same year, Samuel Gompers and Adolph Strasser left the Knights of Labor because it did not represent craft union interests. They formed The American Federation of Labor (AFL). The AFL became a competitor to the Knights of Labor, and eventually ran them out of business. The AFL became the Reigning giant in the labor force, almost doubling the Knights' membership in Just three years. Gompers remained president of the AFL for forty years. Mass-production industries such as car manufacturers separated from the AFL because of lack of attention in the 1930's, and formed the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). This organization was formed by John T. Lewis Of the United Mine Workers in 1938. In the late 1930's and early 1940's, both The AFL and the CIO made huge gains in recruiting new members. Both came out of World War II stronger than ever before. In 1955, both labor unions agreed on a Contract that combined the two into one huge union, the AFL-CIO, still the Largest labor union in existence today.
In July 2003, the contract between the Detroit News and the major local Union that the employees belonged to, ran out. The paper took this opportunity To let the union know that it had purchased new printing presses, and this Reduced the number of people needed to operate it. The old ones took nineteen People per press to operate. Since the new ones, which only required ten, had Been put into use, the operators took turns going to a nearby bar, since there Were still nineteen of them.
The newspaper wanted to fire the extra nine people Per press, and the union did not want them to. The union went on strike, but Were unsuccessful in getting their demands met. During this time, replacement Workers had been hired. They were working much faster than the previous workers, Who, it turns out, were purposely working especially slow to cover the fact That not all nineteen of them were needed. With the new replacement workers, The presses only required six people per press. This would save the paper a lot Of money in the future. Meanwhile, the strike was not going well. The union leaders and the Teamsters headed to the newspaper negotiators. They were willing to make a deal To allow only ten to work the press if the teamsters could have their jobs back. The paper told them that now only six people were needed. Infuriated, the Teamsters stormed out, and a full-fledged strike again in late July. Literally Millions of ex-workers and sympathetic workers of the union, flooded the Streets with picket signs and clubs, beating cars and buses, stopping traffic, Clubbing «;scabs»;, and wreaking havoc in the streets of Detroit.
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